Automata theory: formal languages and formal grammars

Chomsky hierarchy Grammars Languages Abstract machines
Type-0 Unrestricted Recursively enumerable Turing machine
(no common name) Decidable Decider
Type-1 Context-sensitive Context-sensitive Linear-bounded
Positive range concatenation Positive range concatenation* PTIME Turing Machine
Indexed Indexed* Nested stack
Thread automaton
Linear context-free rewriting systems Linear context-free rewriting language restricted Tree stack automaton
Tree-adjoining Tree-adjoining Embedded pushdown
Type-2 Context-free Context-free Nondeterministic pushdown
Deterministic context-free Deterministic context-free Deterministic pushdown
Visibly pushdown Visibly pushdown Visibly pushdown
Type-3 Regular Regular Finite
Star-free Counter-free (with aperiodic finite monoid)
Non-recursive Finite Acyclic finite